Sains Malaysiana 53(3)(2024): 519-532

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-04

Enhancing Seedling Performance Direct Seeded Rice under Anaerobic Germination Condition by Seed Invigoration

(Meningkatkan Prestasi Anak Benih Padi Pembenihan Terus di bawah Keadaan Percambahan Anaerobik dengan Pencergasan Benih)

SRI WAHYUNI^1,*, NURWULAN AGUSTIANI¹, INDRASTUTI APRI RUMANTI¹, SWISCI MARGARET¹, SELLY SALMA¹ & SHINTA DEWI ARDHIYANTI²

¹Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia

² Indonesian Center for Rice Standard Testing, Indonesian Agency of Agricultural Standardization, Ministry of Agriculture, Jl. Raya 9, Sukamandi, Subang Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia

Received: 11 September 2022/Accepted: 23 February 2024

Abstract

In an effort to address labor scarcity and enhance the cropping index in tidal swamp areas, farmers utilize direct seeding techniques. However, flooded conditions due to tides and ebb can hinder seed germination. This study aimed to obtain the best invigoration treatment for improving seedling establishment and growth in South Sumatra's tidal swamp hotspots. In the first part of the study, 19 different seed treatments were tested on the swamp rice variety, Inpara 9, in a greenhouse. These treatments included hardening, priming, thermal treatment, and controls. Soluble sugar content and α-amylase activities of treated seeds were analyzed in the lab. The results showed that the invigorated seeds outperformed the control group in terms of seedling growth and development when they were planted directly in the ground under both anaerobic germination (AG) and anaerobic germination with extra FeSO₄ added to the soil (AG+Fe) conditions. All treated seeds also exhibited higher soluble sugar and α-amylase activities. A follow-up experiment in a hotspot area assessed the effectiveness of the top nine seed treatments from the first experiment under AG conditions. The flooded level was managed at around 10 cm during the experiment and Inpara-9 was the variety planted. All invigorated seeds exhibited superior seedling establishment and growth compared to the control on in-situ swampy land. Hardening using Trichoderma yielded the highest seedling establishment and performance, indicated by greater root and shoot dry weight than other treatments, followed by hardening with Methylobacterium td-J7 and Methylobacterium td-tpb3.

Keywords: Anaerobic germination; hardening, Methylobacterium; rice; seedling establishment

 Abstrak

Dalam usaha menangani kekurangan buruh dan meningkatkan indeks tanaman di kawasan paya pasang surut, petani menggunakan teknik pembenihan terus. Bagaimanapun, keadaan banjir akibat air pasang dan surut boleh menghalang percambahan benih. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rawatan pencergasan terbaik untuk meningkatkan penumbuhan dan pertumbuhan anak benih di kawasan paya pasang surut Sumatera Selatan. Kajian bermula dengan uji kaji rumah hijau dengan 19 rawatan benih terpilih, termasuk hardening, penyebuan, rawatan haba dan kawalan telah diuji pada varieti padi paya, Inpara 9. Kandungan gula larut dan aktiviti α-amilase benih dirawat dianalisis dalam makmal. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa benih yang dicergaskan mengatasi prestasi kawalan dalam perkembangan dan pertumbuhan anak benih apabila ditanam secara langsung ex-situ di bawah kedua-dua percambahan anaerobik (AG) dan percambahan anaerobik dengan 3000-ppm FeSO4 ditambah kepada tanah (AG+Fe). Semua benih yang dirawat juga menunjukkan aktiviti gula larut dan α-amilase yang lebih tinggi. Percubaan susulan di kawasan titik panas menilai keberkesanan rawatan sembilan benih teratas daripada percubaan pertama di bawah keadaan AG. Paras banjir telah diuruskan pada kira-kira 10 cm semasa uji kaji dan varieti yang ditanam adalah Inpara-9. Kesemua benih yang dicergaskan menunjukkan penubuhan dan pertumbuhan anak benih yang unggul berbanding dengan tanah paya kawalan in-situ. Hardening menggunakan Trichoderma menghasilkan pembentukan dan prestasi anak benih yang tertinggi, ditunjukkan oleh berat kering akar dan pucuk yang lebih besar daripada rawatan lain, diikuti dengan hardening dengan Methylobacterium td-J7 dan Methylobacterium td-tpb3.

Kata kunci: Hardening; Methylobacterium; padi; penubuhan anak benih; percambahan anaerobik

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*Corresponding author; email: sri.wahyuni.bbpadi@gmail.com